| National Academy of Sciences |
updated 3-19-07 |
|
| http://www.nationalacademies.org/directories/ |
|
| |
|
| Total
non-duplicated National Academy of Sciences faculty and alumni recipients -
66 |
|
| Faculty |
|
| Total Faculty National Academy of Sciences recipients - 45 |
Discipline |
Election
Year |
Year
Award Received |
|
| 1 |
Baker,
David |
David
Baker is a world authority on the design and
methodologies for studying requirements for amino acids and trace minerals in
animals. His diet formulations used worldwide for feeding companion animals,
pigs and poultry, have contributed to the remarkable efficiency of feed to
protein gain achieved in today's agriculture. |
Animal,
Nutritional, and Applied Microbial Sciences |
2005 |
- |
|
| 2 |
Baym, Gordon A. |
Gordon
Baym has made original, seminal contributions to our
understanding of neutron stars, relativistic effects in nuclear physics,
condensed matter physics, quantum fluids and Bose-Einstein condensates. His
work is characterized by a superb melding of basic theoretical physics
concepts, from condensed matter to nuclear to elementary particle physics. |
Physics |
1982 |
- |
|
| 3 |
Beak, Peter |
Peter
Beak has made major contributions in physical organic
chemistry and organic synthesis. His research focuses on organic compounds of
lithium using spectroscopic and calorimetric approaches. This work has been
of immense importance to the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. |
Chemistry |
2003 |
- |
|
| 4 |
Berenbaum, May |
May
Berenbaum has made major contributions to understanding
of the role of chemistry in interactions between plants and herbivorous
insects. She has identified key plant defensive chemicals and determined
their modes of action. Her investigations have encompassed both proximate
physiological mechanisms and their evolutionary consequences for both plants
and insects. |
Evolutionary
Biology |
1994 |
- |
|
| 5 |
Bryant, Marvin P.
(deceased) |
Marvin
Bryant has made a significant contribution to ruminant
microbiology. |
Animal,
Nutritional, and Applied Microbial Sciences |
1987 |
- |
|
| 6 |
Burkholder, Donald
Lyman |
Donald
Lyman Burkholder has been the leader, during the past 20
years, in martingale transforms and applications of probabilistic methods to
a large variety of areas in analysis, such as harmonic and analytic
functions, singular integrals and Banach space classifications. He obtained
wide and striking extensions of Paley's ideas in harmonic analysis of more
than 30 years before. |
Mathematics |
1992 |
- |
|
| 7 |
Ceperley, David |
David
Ceperley is an expert in developing methods for
microscopic simulations of quantum systems. His techniques are used by
physicists, chemists and engineers to predict the behavior of matter. His
research interests include theoretical condensed matter physics and computational
physics. He is a Fellow of the
American Physical Society and a member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences.
|
Physics |
2006 |
- |
|
| 8 |
Cho, Alfred Y. |
Alfred
Y. Cho is the coinventor and the principal developer of
the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique for growing single crystal
semiconductors. Through his accomplishments, it is now possible to grow a
single crystal as few two atomic layers thick. MBE is making possible
singular advances in fundamental solid-state physics as well as in novel
devices. |
Electronic
Engineering |
1985 |
- |
|
| 9 |
Cooper, Leon N. |
Leon
N. Cooper was awarded the Comstock Prize, in 1968, (with J.R. Schrieffer) of the National
Academy of Sciences for "their jointly developed theory of
superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory." Cooper was a postdoctoral research
associate from 1955-1957. |
Systems
Neuroscience |
1975 |
1968 |
|
| 10 |
Curtin, David |
David
Curtin improved a popular textbook on qualitative organic
analysis by introducing the "why" of relative reaction rates to
explain the observations. |
Chemistry |
1964 |
- |
|
| 11 |
Doob, Joseph
(deceased) |
Joseph
Doob work has become one of the most powerful tools
available to study stochastic processes. In 1953 he published a book which
gives a comprehensive treatment of stochastic processes, including much of
his own development of martingale theory. This book Stochastic Processes has
become a classic and was reissued in 1990. |
Mathematics |
1957 |
- |
|
| 12 |
Drickamer, Harry G.
(deceased) |
Harry
G. Drickamer made contributions in the development of
high pressure techniques, and in the elucidation of new properties of solids,
and of diffusion in liquids. |
Materials
Engineering |
1965 |
- |
|
| 13 |
Dunn, Floyd |
Floyd
Dunn has made significant contributions to fundamental
knowledge of ultrasonic propagating in, and of ultrasonic interaction with,
biological media. |
Engineering
Sciences |
1990 |
- |
|
| 14 |
Ehrlich, Gert |
Gert
Ehrlich is noted for ingenious and highly definitive
studies of the interactions of atoms and molecules with clean, structurally
well-characterized metal surfaces. These studies have decisively altered our
views on the role of structure in surface processes and have greatly
forwarded understanding of surface catalysis and crystal growth from vapors. |
Applied
Physical Sciences |
1986 |
- |
|
| 15 |
Frauenfelder, Hans |
Hans
Frauenfelder has been the most important person in
realizing biomolecules are dynamic entities and that their motions can be
characterized in detail by physical experiments. Dr. Frauenfelder has made
revolutionary contributions in several fields of physics. He started by
studying nuclear energy levels, explored the surface effects with
radioactivity, discovered perturbed angular correlation, helped elucidate
parity violation in the weak interactions, used the Mossbauer effect, and he
was one of the pioneers of Biological Physics by creating the field of
physics of proteins. |
Physics |
1975 |
- |
|
| 16 |
Gell-Mann, Murray |
Murray
Gell-Mann was awarded fellow for his "contributions and discoveries
concerning the classification of elementary particles and their
interactions." He received the John J. Carty Award for the Advancement
of Science in 1968. Gell-Mann was a postdoctoral research associate in 1951
and a visiting research professor in 1952-1953. |
Theoretical
Physics |
1969 |
1968 |
|
| 17 |
Goldhaber, Maurice |
Maurice
Goldhaber is best known for establishing that neutrinos
have negative velicity. He is well
known for his research in nuclear and particle physics, including his
experiments providing key support for the standard model, and for his superb
contribution to science by his leadership and vision as a manager of
research. He was director of
Brookhaven National Laboratory from 1961 to 1973. Goldhaber taught at the University from
1938 to 1950. |
Physics |
1958 |
- |
|
| 18 |
Greene, Laura |
Laura
Greene has made profound and lasting contributions to
condensed matter physics and the physics of novel materials, particularly
superconductors. Her studies of the effects of oxygen and atomic
substitutions on the physical properties of bulk high-temperature superconductors
and proximity effects and tunneling in artificially layered superconducting,
magnetic, and heavy-fermion thin-film structures have been especially
significant. |
Physics |
2006 |
- |
|
| 19 |
Greenough, William |
William
Greenough was the first to demonstrate that differential
early environmental experience results in altered branching of neuron
dendrites and synapse formation in the mammalian brain and to show that
specific learning experiences result in altered neuron morphology, the first
clear evidence for the structural basis of memory. |
Systems
Neuroscience |
1992 |
- |
|
| 20 |
Gunsalus, Irwin Clyde |
Irwin
Clyde Gunsalus served as the Head of Division of
Biochemistry (1955-1966), President of Levis Faculty Center Board of
Directors (1973-1975), and Chairman of National Academy of Sciences, Section
of Biochemistry (1978-1981). His research
and teaching interests emphasized biological catalysis and regulation,
mechanism of chemical transformations and energy transfer, formation of
essential metabolites including pyredoxal phosphate and lipoic acid, and
oxidation and oxygenation reactions and energy transfer. In 1982, he received
the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology. |
Biochemistry |
1965 |
1982 |
|
| 21 |
Gutowsky,
Herbert (deceased) |
Herbert
Gutowsky is recognized for his pioneering discoveries in
NMR. |
Biochemistry |
1960 |
- |
|
| 22 |
Hager, Lowell |
Lowell
Hager has defined the mechanism of activation of halogens
for the biological synthesis of chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons by a
unique peroxidase that he discovered. |
Biochemistry |
1995 |
- |
|
| 23 |
Hanratty, Thomas |
Thomas
Hanratty delineated the key features of turbulent
multiphase flows through physically based theories, using electrochemical
techniques to probe the structure of turbulence near a wall, and conducted
pioneering studies on the use of drag-reducing polymers to modify and control
turbulent flows. |
Engineering
Sciences |
1999 |
- |
|
| 24 |
Hess, Karl |
Karl
Hess is a world leader in nonlinear transport in
semiconductors. He conceived and discovered the real space transfer effect, a
phenomenon fundamental to the operation of ultra-high-speed transistors. He
also developed the modern theory of impact ionization and both predicted and
discovered a giant isotope effect in transistor and chip aging. |
Engineering
Sciences |
2003 |
- |
|
| 25 |
Holonyak, Nick, Jr. |
Nick
Holonyak, Jr. invented the shorted emitter used in
thyristors and symmetrical switches (TRIACs), including the basic element in
the wall light dimmer. He also
invented the closed tube vapor phase epitxy of III-V semiconductors, the
forerunner of all present day III-V VPE crystal growth and the first
practical LED. |
Engineering
Sciences |
1984 |
- |
|
| 26 |
Iben, Icko |
Icko
Iben is a major contributor to the theory of evolution of
individual stars, showing how an old star produces a planetary nebula and how
the heavy elements deep in a red giant are convected to the surface. He has
elucidated the dynamical properties of Cepheid variables, solar oscillations,
and accretion onto white dwarfs. |
Astronomy |
1985 |
- |
|
| 27 |
Jonas, Jiri |
Jiri
Jonas is a pioneer in the use of high-pressure nuclear
magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy to study structure and dynamics in
liquids, modern theories of reaction rates in liquids, the behavior of
molecules in confined geometries such as porous solids, and the changes of
protein conformation with pressure. |
Chemistry |
1985 |
- |
|
| 28 |
Kieffer, Susan Werner |
Susan
Werner Kieffer, a multifaceted physical geologist, has
extended and applied acoustic and spectral data to obtain valid estimates of
the thermodynamic properties of complex solids. She is a world authority on
mechanisms of geyser and volcanic eruptions, and has substantially improved
the understanding of the complex processes in impact-shocked porous rocks. |
Geology |
1986 |
- |
|
| 29 |
Klein, Miles V. |
Miles
V. Klein is a physicist whose ongoing experimental
discoveries and theories of excitations in solids have greatly increased our
understanding of semiconductors and superconductors. He used Raman scattering
as a probe to determine the physical properties of superconductors, showed
that it measures the energy gap precisely, and provided the theoretical basis
for the analyses of Raman data in high temperature superconductors. |
Applied
Physical Sciences |
1998 |
- |
|
| 30 |
Kuck, David J. |
David
J. Kuck has made pioneering contributions to the theory
and practice of parallelism in scientific computation. |
Computer
Science and Engineering |
2005 |
- |
|
| 31 |
Lauterbur, Paul (deceased) |
Paul
Lauterbur conceived and demonstrated a method for imaging
by nuclear magnetic resonance through the interaction of a magnetic field
gradient with another field. The application of this method to imaging the
human body, especially soft tissues, has resulted in great advances in
medical diagnosis. He received the NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to
Society in 2001. |
Chemistry |
1985 |
2001 |
|
| 32 |
Leggett, Anthony |
Anthony
Leggett shaped the theoretical understanding of normal
and superfluid helium liquids and other strongly coupled superfluids. He set
directions for research in the quantum physics of macroscopic dissipative
systems and use of condensed matter systems to test the foundations of
quantum mechanics. |
Physics |
1997 |
- |
|
| 33 |
Leonard, Nelson |
Nelson
Leonard's research in bioorganic chemistry involves (1)
the synthesis and examination of surrogates of the purine-pyrimidine base
pairs of the DNA/RNA, Watson-Crick double-helical cross sections that possess
similar peripheral dimensions and orientations; (2) the incorporation of the
coplanar, covalently-linked cross sections in oligodeoxynucleotides. |
Chemistry |
1955 |
- |
|
| 34 |
Overhauser, Albert W. |
Albert
W. Overhauser is well recognized for his fundamental
contributions to understanding the physics of solids, to theoretical physics
and for the impact of his technological advances. He was a post-doctoral research associate
from 1951 to 1953. During this time he
developed his famous theory of dynamic nuclear polarization which is now
called, the Overhauser effect. |
Physics |
1976 |
- |
|
| 35 |
Phillips, Tom |
Tom
Phillips changed the way we study complex biodiversity
patterns in Pennsylvanian-age wetland plant communities. He found gradients
of species persisting through time, averaging 10 percent turnovers, until
they are removed by major extinction events related to global climate change.
His research elucidated the history of early plant/animal interactions. |
Plant
Biology |
1999 |
- |
|
| 36 |
Pines, David |
David
Pines has made pioneering contributions to an
understanding of many-body problems in condensed matter and nuclear physics,
and to theoretical astrophysics. His current research focuses on the search
for the organizing principles responsible for emergent behavior in matter,
with particular attention to correlated matter, the study of materials in
which unexpectedly new classes of behavior emerge in response to the strong
and competing interactions among their elementary constituents. |
Physics |
1973 |
- |
|
| 37 |
Prosser,
Clifford Ladd (deceased) |
Ladd
Prosser is recognized for his many contributions to the
area of Comparative Animal Physiology. |
Systems
Neuroscience |
1974 |
- |
|
| 38 |
Robinson, Gene |
Gene
Robinson has made a wide range of fundamental advances in
elucidating the endocrine, neural, and genetic regulation of behavior at the
individual and colony levels in social insects. He has significantly advanced
the understanding of the role of genes, hormones, and neurochemicals in the
evolution of social behavior. |
Evolutionary
Biology |
2005 |
- |
|
| 39 |
Schowalter, William
R. |
William
R. Schowalter is the former Dean of Engineering at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1989-2001. His research
involves the mechanics of complex fluids: fluids composed of large molecules,
deformable particles, or colloidal matter for which the laws of conventional
continuum fluid mechanics do not apply. |
Engineering
Sciences |
1998 |
- |
|
| 40 |
Schrieffer, John
Robert |
J.
Robert Schrieffer developed the theory of
superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory with John Bardeen and Leon
N. Cooper. For this achievement, he was awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in
Physics. He also received the Comstock
Prize for Physics in 1968. |
Physics |
1971 |
1968 |
|
| 41 |
Seitz, Frederick |
Frederick
Seitz is known for his research on general science, both
physical and biological. In 1940,
Professor Seitz’s wrote the textbook, Modern Theory of Solids, from which
generations of students learned their solid state physics and which served to
define the field. Seitz served as Dean of the Graduate College and
Vice-Chancellor for Research at Illinois until 1965 at which time he became
the first full time President of the National Academy of Sciences. |
Physics |
1951 |
- |
|
| 42 |
Slichter, Charles
Pence |
Charles
Pence Slichter is internationally recognized in condensed
matter physics, is one of the world's top research scientists in the area of
nuclear magnetic resonance and has been a leading innovator in applications
of resonance techniques to understanding the structure of matter. He received
the Comstock Prize for Physics in 1993. |
Physics |
1967 |
1993 |
|
| 43 |
Van Harlingen, Dale
J. |
Dale
J. Van Harlingen is a physicist who has carried out
innovative investigations of quantum phenomena and phase dynamics in
superconducting systems using superconducting quantum interference devices,
the world's most sensitive detectors of currents and magnetic fields. His
current research interests include transport and fluctuations in high
temperature superconductor nanowires and the application of superconductor
devices in quantum computing. |
Physics |
2003 |
- |
|
| 44 |
Woese, Carl |
Carl
Woese pioneered the use of comparative sequence analysis
to determine the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA and developed the first
phylogenetic system that related all living organisms. In addition to
establishing a phylogeny for bacteria, the work revealed the existence of a
new major group of organisms, the Archaebacteria. He received the Selman A.
Waksman Award in Microbiology in 1997. |
Environmental
Sciences and Ecology |
1988 |
1997 |
|
| 45 |
Wolfe, Ralph |
Ralph
Wolfe has made profound contributions to our
understanding of methanogenesis and the biology of methanogens. He received
the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology in 1995. |
Microbial
Biology |
1981 |
1995 |
|
| |
|
|
| University
Alumni |
|
|
| Total National Academy of Sciences Alumni recipients - 24 |
Discipline |
Election
Year |
Year
Award Received |
|
| 1 |
Aspnes, David E. |
David
E. Aspnes studies optical effects in thin films and at
surfaces and interfaces, being a pioneer in both rigorous theory and accurate
experiment. He is also noted for his creative instrumentation, which is
widely used in the manufacture of microelectronic devices. |
Physics |
1998 |
- |
|
| 2 |
Austin, Robert H. |
Robert
H. Austin is a master at combining physical tools and
theories with biochemical techniques to attack fundamental problems in
protein and nucleic acid dynamics and function. His observations of single
DNA molecules using microlithography led to an understanding of their
physical properties which are important in biology and biotechnology. |
Physics |
1999 |
- |
|
| 3 |
Beckman, Arnold |
Arnold
Beckman earned the Public Welfare Medal in 1999 and the
Founders Award in 1987 for his leadership in developing analytical
instrumentation, and for his deep and abiding concern for the vitality of the
nation's scientific enterprise. |
|
|
1999,
1987 |
|
| 4 |
Carbon, John |
John
Carbon received membership for his research in fungal
molecular biology, centromeres, chromosome structure-function, yeasts, cell
division. |
Biochemistry |
1986 |
- |
|
| 5 |
Cho, Alfred Y. |
See
listing under faculty |
Electronic
Engineering |
1985 |
- |
|
| 6 |
Chory, Joanne |
Joanne
Chory is among the world leaders in the study of plant
responses to light. She identified many of the genes responsible for the
control of plant photomorphogenesis and discovered that this process is
regulated by a steroid hormone. She also cloned the receptor for this class
of hormones. She received the NAS Award for Initiatives in Research in
1994.
|
Plant
Biology |
1999 |
1994 |
|
| 7 |
Collier, Robert J. |
Robert
J. Collier's contributions include demonstrating that
diphtheria toxin blocks protein synthesis by inactivating Elongation
Factor-2; elucidating diphtheria toxin structure, as containing enzymatic (A)
and binding (B) fragments; identifying Glu-l48 as a key active-site residue;
developing A-chain immunotoxin concepts; crystallizing diphtheria and
Pseudomonas toxins and determining Pseudomonas toxin's structure at 3.
Collier received the Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology in 1999 for his
seminal contribution to the understanding of bacterial pathogenesis by the
elucidation of the action of the diptheria toxin. |
Microbial
Biology |
1991 |
1999 |
|
| 8 |
Drell, Sidney D. |
Sidney
D. Drell has been widely recognized for his contributions
in the study of theoretical physics, particularly elementary particle
processes and quantum theory. He is
also a founding member of JASON, a group of academic scientists who consult
for the government on issues of national importance, and acts as a consultant
to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. |
Physics |
1969 |
- |
|
| 9 |
Eliel, Ernest |
Ernest
Eliel earned the NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to
Society for his seminal and far-reaching contributions in organic
stereochemistry and for his wise and energetic leadership in professional
societies that represent the interests of chemists and of society, both in
the United States and abroad. |
Chemistry |
1972 |
1997 |
|
| 10 |
Elledge, Stephen |
Stephen
Elledge received the NAS Award for Molecular Biology for
his innovative contributions at the forefront of the field of cell cycle
checkpoints and his elucidation of pathways and mechanisms involved in DNA
damage responses. |
Medical Genetics,
Hematology, and Oncology |
2003 |
2002 |
|
| 11 |
Fuchs, Elaine V. |
Elaine
V. Fuchs received the Richard Lounsbery Award for her fundamental insights into structure and function of
cytoskeletal proteins and the relation of these proteins to human genetic
diseases. |
Cellular
and Developmental Biology |
1996 |
2001 |
|
| 12 |
Goldstone, Robert L. |
Robert
L. Goldstone received the Troland Research Award for
novel experimental analyses and elegant modeling that show how perceptual
learning dynamically adjusts dimensions and boundaries of categories and
concepts in human thought. |
Psychology |
|
2004 |
|
| 13 |
Golub, Gene H. |
Gene
H. Golub is one of the preeminent numerical analysts of
his generation receiving his award for his work in numerical analysis, linear
algebra. |
Applied
Mathematical Sciences |
1993 |
- |
|
| 14 |
Hahn, Erwin L. |
Erwin
L. Hahn has made pioneering contributions in the areas of
electron, molecular, solid state, and laser physics as well as electronic
instrumentation. In particular, his work in nuclear and electron spin
magnetic resonance and in the nuclear spin coupling in molecules and solids
is widely appreciated. |
Physics |
1972 |
- |
|
| 15 |
Hilgard, Ernest |
Ernest
Hilgard received the NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing
for his creative synthesis of the literature on conditioning and learning
theory, which shaped the development of the field for several decades, and
for his subsequent application of those same skills to the difficult areas of
hypnosis, suggestability, and consciousness. |
Psychology |
|
1984 |
|
| 16 |
Holley, Robert W. |
Robert
Holley received the U.S. Steel Foundation Award NAS
Award in Molecular Biology for his elucidation of the full sequence of
nucleotides in the molecule of a soluble RNA. |
Psychology,
Hypnosis pioneer |
|
1967 |
|
| 17 |
Holonyak, Nick, Jr. |
Nick
Holonyak, Jr. see listing under Faculty |
Engineering
Sciences |
1984 |
- |
|
| 18 |
Melton, Douglas A. |
Douglas
A. Melton received the Richard Lounsbery Award for
showing how cells and tissues differentiate during vertebrate development
through studies on localized mRNAs in eggs and the genes that induce mesoderm
and neural tissue. |
Cellular
and Developmental Biology |
1995 |
1995 |
|
| 19 |
Overhauser, Albert W. |
See
listing under faculty |
Physics |
1976 |
- |
|
| 20 |
Pace Norman R. |
Norman
R. Pace received Selman A. Waksman Award in Microbiology
for revolutionizing microbiology by developing methods by which
microorganisms can be directly detected, identified, and phylogenetically
related without the need for cultivation in the laboratory. |
Microbial Biology |
1991 |
2001 |
|
| 21 |
Redfield, Alfred G. |
Alfred
G. Redfield is recognized for his seminal contributions
to the theory and technical development of nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy and for pioneering applications of this technique to the study
of biological molecules. He received
his PhD from University of Illinois in 1953. |
Physics |
1979 |
- |
|
| 22 |
Schrieffer, John
Robert |
J.
Robert Schrieffer see listing under Faculty
|
Physics |
1971 |
- |
|
| 23 |
Sharp Phillip A. |
Phillip
A. Sharp received the NAS Award in Molecular Biology for
his pioneering and continuing contributions to our understanding of messenger
RNA biogenesis in mammalian cells. |
Cellular
and Developmental Biology |
1983 |
1980 |
|
| 24 |
Yao, Andrew |
Andrew
Yao is recognized for his work in theoretical computer
science, algorithms, computational complexity, commnication complexity,
cryptography, quantum computing. |
Computer
and Information Sciences |
1998 |
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